Aldehyde dehydrogenase



Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) converts aldehydes to carboxylic acids while reducing NAD+ to NADH. In mammals there are 3 classes of ALDH and each contain constitutive and inducible forms. Class 1 is cytosolic; class 2 mitochondrial; class 3 found in tumors, stomach and cornea). ALDH family 7 member A1 is known as antiquitin and functions in the detoxification of aldehydes. Glyceraldehyde-3-phophate (G3P)-ALDH is called GAPDH.

3D Structures of Aldehyde dehydrogenase
Update June 2011

ALDH class 1
3fx4 – ALDH1 + NADP + inhibitor – pig 1bxs – ALDH1 - sheep

1o9j – ALDH1 + NAD – Elephant shrew

3rhj, 3rhl, 3rho, 3rhp, 3rhq, 3rhr – rALDH1 C- terminal (mutant) + NADP – rat

3rhm - rALDH1 C- terminal

ALDH class 2
3n80, 1o05 – hALDH2 residues 18-517- human 3n81, 2onn, 2ono, 1zum – hALDH2 residues 18-517 (mutant)  1ag8 – bALDH NAD binding domain - bovine

Binary complex

3inj, 3inl - hALDH2 residues 18-517 + agonist 2vle - hALDH2 residues 24-517 + daidzin 1nzx, 1nzz, 1o00, 1o02, 1cw3 - hALDH2 residues 18-517 + NAD 3n82, 3n83, 2onm, 2onp, 1nzw, 1o04 – hALDH2 residues 18-517 (mutant) + NADH 1a4z – bALDH2 NAD-binding domain + NAD

Ternary complex

1o01 - hALDH2 residues 18-517 + NADH + aldehyde

ALDH class 3
1ad3 – rALDH

NAD-dependent ALDH
2w8n, 2w8o, 2w8r – Succinate–semi-hALDH family 5 2w8p - Succinate–semi-hALDH family 5 (mutant)  3r31 – Betaine-ALDH – Agrobacterium tumefaciens 3ed6 - Betaine-SaALDH – Staphylococcus aureus 1a4s - Betaine-cALDH - cod 3llg – Aspartate-semi-MtALDH 2cq8 - Formyltetrahydrofolate-hALDH PP-binding domain - NMR 2nac – Formate-PsALDH 3i44 – ALDH – Bartonella henselae<BR /> 3ek1 – ALDH – Brucella melitensis

3ros – ALDH – Lactobacillus acidophilus

Binary complexes

2w8q - Succinate–semi-hALDH family 5 + succinic acid<BR /> 3fg0 - Betaine-SaALDH + NAD<BR /> 1bpw - Betaine-cALDH + NAD<BR /> 2j6l – Aminoadipate-semi-hALDH family 7 + NAD<BR /> 2cfi - Formyltetrahydrofolate-hALDH hydrolase domain + formyltetrahydropterin<BR /> 2nad - Formate-PsALDH + NAD – Pseudomonas<BR /> 1bi9 – Retinal-rALDH2 + NAD<BR /> 3l4p, 1sij – ALDH + AsO3 – Desulfovibrio gigas

Ternary complexes

2gsd – Formate-ALDH + NAD + azide – Moraxella<BR /> 1nvm – Acetaldehyde-PsALDH + 4-hydroxy-oxovalerate aldolase + NAD<BR /> 1llu - PaALDH + NAD + alcohol – Pseudomonas aeruginosa

NAD-dependent glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
1vsu – CpGAPDH – Cryptosporidium parvum<BR /> 1ywg – PfGAPDH – Plasmodium falciparum<BR /> 3cmc - GAPDH – Bacillus stearothermophilus<BR /> 2ep7 – GAPDH – Aquifex aeolicus<BR /> 2i5p – GAPDH – Kluyveromyces marxianus<BR /> 1obf – GAPDH – Achromobacter xylosoxidans<BR /> 1crw – PvGAPDH – Palinurus versicolor<BR /> 1b7g – GAPDH – Sulfolobus solfataricus<BR /> 2gd1 – GsGAPDH – Geobacillus stearothermophilus<BR /> 3e6a – OsGAPDH – Oryza sativa<BR /> 4gpd, 1gpd – GAPDH – lobster<BR /> 3l6o, 3lc7 – SaGAPDH<BR /> 1dc3, 1dc5, 1s7c – EcGAPDH - Escherichia coli

GAPDH binary complex

1k3t - TcGAPDH + inhibitor<BR /> 3hja - GAPDH + NAD – Borellia burgdorferi<BR /> 1vsv, 3cps - CpGAPDH + NAD<BR /> 2vyn, 2vyv - rGAPDH residues 102-432 + EcGAPDH + NAD<BR /> 2b4r, 2b4t – PfGAPDH (mutant) + NAD<BR /> 1j0x – GAPDH + NAD – rabbit<BR /> 1ihx – PvGAPDH + NAD<BR /> 1dss, 1szj - PvGAPDH NAD-binding and catalytic domains+ NAD<BR /> 1ihy – PvGAPDH + ADP-ribose<BR /> 1gyq, 1gyp - LmGAPDH + NAD derivative – Leishmania mexicana<BR /> 1i32, 1i33 – LmGAPDH + inhibitor<BR /> 1a7k – LmGAPDH + NAD<BR /> 1cer, 2g82 - GAPDH + NAD – Thermus aquaticus<BR /> 1gd1 - GsGAPDH + NAD<BR /> 1npt, 1nq5, 1dbv, 2dbv, 3dbv, 4dbv - GsGAPDH (mutant) + NAD<BR /> 3e5r – OsGAPDH + NAD<BR /> 3k73, 3lvf – SaGAPDH + NAD<BR /> 3lc2 - SaGAPDH + G3P<BR /> 3k9q, 3ksd, 3lc1, 3hq4 - SaGAPDH (mutant) + NAD<BR /> 3gpd, 1u8f, 1znq – hGAPDH + NAD<BR /> 1gad, 1dc6 - EcGAPDH + NAD<BR /> 1gae - EcGAPDH (mutant) + NAD<BR /> 1dc4 – EcGAPDH + G3P<BR />

GAPDH ternary complex

3id5, 3dmt, 1ml3 – TcGAPDH + NAD + inhibitor – Trypanosoma cruzi<BR /> 1qxs - TcGAPDH + NAD + G3P analog<BR /> 3cif - CpGAPDH + NAD + G3P<BR /> 1nqa, 1nqo - GsGAPDH (mutant) + NAD + G3P<BR /> 3ksz, 3kv3, 3l4s - SaGAPDH (mutant) + NAD + G3P<BR />

NADP-dependent ALDH
3k2w - Betaine-ALDH – Pseudoalteromonas atlantica<BR /> 2hg2, 2opx – Lactaldehyde-EcALDH <BR /> 2o2p – Formyltetrahydrofolate-rALDH C-terminal

2y51, 2y52, 2y53, 2y5d – BxALDH (mutant) – Burkholderia xenovorans

Binary complexes

2wox, 2wme - Betaine-PaALDH + NADP<BR /> 3lv1 – Benzaldehyde-PpALDH3 + NADP – Pseudomonas putida<BR /> 2ilu - Lactaldehyde-EcALDH + NADP<BR /> 2o2q, 2o2r - Formyltetrahydrofolate-rALDH C-terminal + NADP<BR /> 3b4w - MtALDH + NADP – Mycobacterium tuberculosis<BR /> 1eyy, 1ez0 – ALDH + NADP – Vibrio harveyi

Ternary complexes

3lns - Benzaldehyde-PpALDH3 + NADP + benzoate<BR /> 2imp - Lactaldehyde-EcALDH + NADH + lactate<BR /> 2vro – BxALDH + NADP + alcohol

NADP-dependent glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
1euh - SmGAPDH – Streptococcus mutans<BR /> 1qi6 - SmGAPDH (mutant)

GAPDH binary complex

2euh - SmGAPDH + NADP<BR /> 2yyy – GAPDH + NADP – Methanocaldococcus jannaschii<BR /> 2pkq - spGAPDH subunit A, B + NADP – spinach<BR /> 2pkr, 1rm4, 1jn0 - spGAPDH subunit A + NADP<BR /> 1rm3, 1rm5 - spGAPDH subunit A (mutant) + NADP<BR /> 2czc – GAPDH + NADP – Pyrococcus horikoshii

GAPDH ternary complex

2esd, 1qi1 – SmGAPDH (mutant) + NADP + G3P<BR />

Antiquitin
2jg7 – Antiquitin – Acanthopagrus schlegeli